Algarve - History

Due to the importance of its position on the world map this province was at one time its own Kingdom. It has been invaded and fought over by the Phoenicians, Romans and Moors. Closely associated with the sea throughout its history this was the base of the famous Henry the Navigator who, from the point at Sagres organized the 15th Century exploration of the New World.

Algarve - Description

The Algarve is composed of 5.411 square kilometres with approx. 395,000 (Year 2001) permanent inhabitants. This figure can swell to over a million people at the height of the summer. Its administrative centre is Faro controlling 16 Municipalities, who in turn govern a total of 77 Parishes.

The length of the south-facing coastline is approx. 155 kilometres and stretches about 52 kilometres to the north on the west. At the widest point to the north, it is approximately 36 kilometres deep. Communication is by road but there is single-track railway line running from Lagos to Vila Real do Santo António that also links to the line running to Lisbon and the north. The old "EN125" main road runs along the whole coast and has now been greatly replaced by the new parallel motorway "A22" (also known as the Via do Infante), starting at the border of Spain and stretching west to Lagos. Close to Albufeira it joins with the motorway to Lisbon. This motorway will take the visitor from the Spanish boarder at Vila Real de Santo António in the east, passing Vilamoura in the centre to the historic town of Lagos in the west in a little over one hour of driving, thus now making the whole Algarve very easily accessible. There is one international airport located close to Faro and this conveniently lies in the middle of the Algarve coastline.

 

There are about 100 sandy attractive beaches washed by the Atlantic Ocean and due to the maritime shelf and water currents the sea temperature can be surprisingly warm even in some winter months. Located on the tip of Europe with the vast ocean of the Atlantic as its southern and western border, this enviable position gives this region possibly the most unpolluted climate in the European continent.

The interior from the coast greatly varies in its picturesque appeal due to its variety of fauna, soil and contours. In January and February the coast is painted white with almond blossom shading the many varieties of wild orchids. In March, the heady perfume of orange blossom mixes with the bloom of acacias. During the month of April the bountiful wild flowers give cause to the delightful music of the many colourful birds. May and June is the time to see the raw beauty of the striking bare barks of stripped cork trees in contrast to the palette purple of the jacaranda. July is the time of cherries, strawberries and melons. August and September provide the picking of grapes, figs and almonds. November is for the gathering of chestnuts for the national festival of São Martinho. Whilst, in December it is time to start picking the famous sweet juicy Algarve oranges which continue through to March.

Away from the immediate coastal plain are the foothills leading up to the highest point Foia (902 mts.) above the un-spoilt village of Monchique. This mountain area is well known for the layers of Roman terraces with granite stone walls that provide the stream of local vegetables that can be found on sale in the local market. It is a great area for walking with many mapped and guided routesm Also, from this region comes the local brewed drink "Medronho" that is best drunk in one of the many local taverns.